Contextualizar os processos oriundos de um período pandêmico é reconhecer que, para a nossa sociedade, o que vivemos com a pandemia da Covid-19 foi, de fato, inédito e histórico. Além de apresentar um cenário de acúmulo de emoções, mudança de rotina e sentimentos de medo e angústias, uma nova forma de interação social e trabalho precisou ser vivenciada. Assim, verificamos a importância de levantar reflexões acerca da maternidade vivenciada no contexto de isolamento social pelas mulheres que são mães discentes e (...) que precisaram conciliar suas atividades de cuidados diários com os estudos acadêmicos. É fundamental refletir sobre como funcionou o ambiente universitário no formato virtual e como tem sido o processo de retorno às aulas presenciais. Desse modo, neste artigo, o objetivo é apresentar reflexões acerca dos efeitos que o isolamento social no contexto da Covid-19 pode ter gerado à saúde mental de mulheres que são mães e universitárias. Tal texto compõe o levantamento bibliográfico do projeto de pesquisa “Atenção à saúde mental de mães universitárias no contexto da Covid-19”, realizado no curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. Acreditamos ser possível vivenciar no ambiente acadêmico aquilo que consideramos uma clínica da situação contemporânea e que colabora para a criação de espaços de acolhimento dentro da Universidade. No caso específico desta pesquisa, buscamos um acolhimento voltado para as mães universitárias que buscam permanecer nesses espaços, mesmo diante de tantos desafios. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo general fundamentar el mapa de funciones del docente de investigación -a quien las autoras han designado como LOI-, con el fin de que sirva de base a la generación del estándar de competencia en la enseñanza de la metodología para asegurar el aprendizaje significativo desde el enfoque constructivista. El estudio presenta los resultados alcanzados en dos conglomerados, uno que recibe la enseñanza tradicional de metodología y otro que considera el nuevo enfoque establecido en el Mapa (...) de funciones LOI, y su impacto en la eficiencia terminal y la disminución de la deserción universitaria. (shrink)

* Qu'est-ce que le corps? * Pourquoi une éthique du corps est-elle nécessaire? * Comment penser le corps? Parce que la médecine, le droit, la publicité, la sexualité se rapportent au corps mais ne s'attachent guère à réfléchir sur ce qu'est un corps, sur les comportements permis ou interdits à son égard, il est aujourd'hui urgent de penser le corps. C'est ce à quoi s'attache cette réflexion de philosophie pratique, afin de montrer l'importance d'une reconnaissance de la valeur du corps (...) et d'un certain droit d'en disposer. Des documents pour compléter la réflexion : * Sur l'inviolabilité du corps humain : arrêts et extraits de lois. * Sur le corps humain et la sexualité : des rapports du Comité Consultatif National d'Ethique, de la Cour de cassation et de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme. * Sur la dignité de la personne, handicap et différence : des extraits d'avis du CCNE. * Sur le respect des caractéristiques génétiques de la personne : la déclaration sur le génome humain et les droits de l'homme (extraits). (shrink)

Si on analyse le concept de vie dans la seconde version de L'amour et dans L'esprit du christianisme, on voit s'amorcer une métaphysique de l'amour comme synthèse et suprême manifestation de la vie ; mais l'amour y représente une élévation sur les niveaux de la loi et une réflexion d'ordre éthique et religieux. On y trouve également une réflexion sur les rapports de l'amour avec la « belle religion » par rapport à l'unité de la vie. Dans L'esprit du christianisme, (...) la vie apparaît comme un principe plus élevé que l'amour. If one analyzes the concept of life in Hegel's second version of Love and in The Spirit of Christianity one witnesses the surge of a metaphysics of love as synthesis and supreme manifestation of life ; but love also represents in this text a higher level above law and a new pondering of an ethical and religous order. One can also find a new approach on the relationships between love and the « beautiful religion » as linked with the unity of life. In The Spirit of Christianity, life appears as a higher principle than love. (shrink)

Examinarei aqui dois textos políticos de Sade que propõem um procedimento a ser instituído na elaboração das leis de tal modo que se possa efetivamente fazer da lei a expressão da soberania popular, como queria a constituição republicana francesa de 1793. Os textos em questão são a Adresse au roi des français, de 1791, antes da proclamação da constituição daquele mesmo ano, e Idée sur le mode de la sanction des lois, de novembro de 1792, e que, portanto, precede a (...) constituição republicana de 1793. (shrink)

Dans chaque culture et chaque époque parmi les fonctions des couvre-chefs apparaît celle d’élément symbolique et de signalétique. Cette contribution se veut une réflexion sur le couvre-chef féminin comme élément chargé de signifier l’identité : de genre, de religion, mais aussi sociale et donc comme support sémantique de l’appartenance. Ce qui sera fait en examinant en particulier les prescriptions relatives aux couvre-chefs dans les lois édictées dans deux régions de l’Italie centrale à la fin du Moyen Âge et au début (...) de l’époque moderne. Les interprétations de l’obligation imposées aux femmes par un passage de saint Paul mais aussi les lois civiques qui les obligent à garder toujours la tête couverte à l’Église et dans les rues de la cité procurent diverses informations. Elles montrent la volonté des législateurs de discipliner la société urbaine et d’obtenir des avantages de la désobéissance à ces règles, mais aussi la résistance opposée par une partie des femmes et, plus généralement, la force du phénomène de la mode. (shrink)

Dans chaque culture et chaque époque parmi les fonctions des couvre-chefs apparaît celle d’élément symbolique et de signalétique. Cette contribution se veut une réflexion sur le couvre-chef féminin comme élément chargé de signifier l’identité : de genre, de religion, mais aussi sociale et donc comme support sémantique de l’appartenance. Ce qui sera fait en examinant en particulier les prescriptions relatives aux couvre-chefs dans les lois édictées dans deux régions de l’Italie centrale à la fin du Moyen Âge et au début (...) de l’époque moderne. Les interprétations de l’obligation imposées aux femmes par un passage de saint Paul (1 Cor. 11,3) mais aussi les lois civiques qui les obligent à garder toujours la tête couverte à l’Église et dans les rues de la cité procurent diverses informations. Elles montrent la volonté des législateurs de discipliner la société urbaine et d’obtenir des avantages de la désobéissance à ces règles, mais aussi la résistance opposée par une partie des femmes et, plus généralement, la force du phénomène de la mode. (shrink)

J’essaie d’explorer la vision religieuse d’Euripide en le considérant comme un penseur en même temps qu’un artiste, ou mieux, comme un auteur qui soulève en artiste des questions essentielles sur le sens de l’existence humaine par rapport à celle des dieux, non pas tellement en mettant dans la bouche de ses personnages certaines doxai, mais plutôt en les faisant parler et agir d’une certaine façon dans une situation dramatique particulière. En me détachant aussi bien des savants qui ont vu dans (...) Euripide un défenseur de la tradition religieuse, que de ceux qui ont tendance à déconstruire ses figures des dieux dans un jeu de projections de la psychologie humaine, je soutiens qu’Euripide a mis en question dès le début la consistance des croyances traditionnelles, avec une inquiétude grandissante qui a abouti, sinon à une négation de l’existence des dieux, du moins à une attitude exaspérée de doute sur leur rôle dans l’existence humaine : ce qui est suffisant pour qu’il puisse être compté parmi les auteurs que Platon accuse d’impiété dans le livre X des Lois. (shrink)

Le premier Congrès pour l’unité de la science qui s’est tenu à Paris en 1935 comprenait deux sessions, consacrées l’une à l’induction, l’autre aux probabilités. Des représentants éminents du mouvement pour une philosophie scientifique ont présenté des communications dans ces sessions: dans la première sont intervenus Hans Reichenbach, Moritz Schlick et Rudolf Carnap, dans la seconde, Reichenbach, Bruno de Finetti, Zygmunt Zawirski, Schlick et Janina Hosiasson, — dans cet ordre. Les sujets abordés concernaient la nature des lois scientifiques, le problème (...) du sens et le principe de l’empirisme, ainsi que des questions connexes portant sur la confirmation des hypothèses scientifiques. Sur la nature des probabilités, les principales interprétations étaient représentées, à savoir le logicisme, le fréquentisme et le subjectivisme. Fut également examinée la possibilité de construire une logique probabiliste. Ce chapitre passe en revue les différentes contributions présentées dans ces deux sessions, à partir du texte publié dans les actes du Congrès. (shrink)

Le premier Congrès pour l’unité de la science (Congrès international de philosophie scientifique) qui s’est tenu à Paris en 1935 comprenait deux sessions, consacrées l’une à l’induction, l’autre aux probabilités. Des représentants éminents du mouvement pour une philosophie scientifique ont présenté des communications dans ces sessions: dans la première sont intervenus Hans Reichenbach, Moritz Schlick et Rudolf Carnap, dans la seconde, Reichenbach, Bruno de Finetti, Zygmunt Zawirski, Schlick et Janina Hosiasson, — dans cet ordre. Les sujets abordés concernaient la nature (...) des lois scientifiques, le problème du sens et le principe de l’empirisme, ainsi que des questions connexes portant sur la confirmation des hypothèses scientifiques. Sur la nature des probabilités, les principales interprétations étaient représentées, à savoir le logicisme, le fréquentisme et le subjectivisme. Fut également examinée la possibilité de construire une logique probabiliste. Ce chapitre passe en revue les différentes contributions présentées dans ces deux sessions, à partir du texte publié dans les actes du Congrès. (shrink)

Legal information retrieval is in need of the provision of legal knowledge for the improvement of search strategies. For this purpose, the LOIS project is concerned with the construction of a multilingual WordNet for cross-lingual information retrieval in the legal domain. In this article, we set out how a hybrid approach, featuring lexically and legally grounded conceptual representations, can fit the cross-lingual information retrieval needs of both legal professionals and laymen.

Dans cet article, je plaide en faveur d’une idée de l’humanité comme communauté d’adhésion enracinée dans la condition ontologique de la pluralité humaine et dans le sentiment d’amour du monde, ou amor mundi. Pour atteindre cet objectif, je m’appuie sur les catégories d’action politique et de monde-en-commun et revendique la proposition arendtienne de construction du monde pour penser notre identité en tant que membres d’une humanité respectant la pluralité. Dans un second temps, je présente la conception kantienne du jugement réfléchissant (...) qui me permet de définir l’humanité comme une communauté d’adhésion liée par le sentiment d’amour pour le monde. (shrink)

Este texto objetiva desenvolver discussão sobre os fundamentos dialéticos do desenvolvimento profissional docente. Estrutura-se na revisão de literatura com base em ideias de autores que abordam estudos sobre o desenvolvimento profissional docente e no conceito de desenvolvimento fundamentado nas leis gerais do Materialismo Histórico Dialético. Dentre os resultados constatados com o estudo, destaca-se a compreensão de que os autores analisados realizam discussão do desenvolvimento profissional docente como processo de constituição do ser professor relacionado a aquisição de saberes e competências necessárias (...) à profissão. A partir da discussão dos fundamentos dialéticos do desenvolvimento profissional docente, concluiu-se que o mesmo é o movimento histórico e dialético de constituição das maneiras de pensar, sentir e agir do professor e se manifesta nas suas relações pessoais, profissionais e institucionais. Palavras-chave: Pesquisa; Educação; Desenvolvimento Profissional; Processo Dialético. Dialectical Foundations of Professional Teaching Development Abstract: This text aims to develop discussions on the dialectical foundations of professional teaching development. It is structured in the literature review based on ideas of authors that address studies about the professional teaching development and in the concept of the development grounded on the general laws of Dialectical Historical Materialism. Among the results found due the study, we highlight the comprehension that the analyzed authors hold discussion on the professional teaching development as a constitution process of being a teacher related to the knowledge acquisition and the necessary competences in the profession. From the discussion on dialectical foundations of professional teaching development, it was concluded that it is the historical and dialectical movement of constitution of ways of thinking, feeling, and acting as a teacher and it is manifested in its personal, professional, and institutional relations. Keywords: Research And Education; Professional Development; Dialectical Process. Fondements dialectiques du développement professionnel des enseignants Résumé: Ce texte vise à développer discussion sur les fondements dialectiques du développement professionnel des enseignants. On structure dans la révision de littérature basée sur les idées d'auteurs qui abordent études sur le développement professionnel des enseignants et dans le concept de développement fondé dans les lois générales du Matérialisme Historique Dialectique. Parmi les résultats constatés avec l'étude, on met en évidence la compréhension que les auteurs analysés réalisent discussion du développement professionnel des enseignants comme processus de constitution d’être professeur lié à l'acquisition de connaissances et compétences nécessaires à la profession. À partir de la discussion des fondements dialectiques du développement professionnel des enseignants, on a été conclu le même est le mouvement historique et dialectique de constitution des façons de penser, de sentir et d'agir du professeur et se manifeste dans ses relations personnelles, professionnelles et institutionnelles. Mots-clés: Recherche Et Education; Développement Professionnel; Processus Dialectique. Data de registro: 20/03/2021 Data de aceite: 15/03/2022. (shrink)

Nous examinons ici les schémas lexico-grammaticaux (LG) associés à trois verbes supports (« effectuer », « réaliser », « procéder ») dans deux corpus juridiques comparables (un corpus de directives européennes rédigées en français et leur transposition en France dans les textes de lois). A cette fin, nous utilisons Le Trameur, un logiciel de textométrie qui permet une comparaison systématique des données textuelles en mobilisant plusieurs méthodes statistiques exploratoires : analyse des fréquences par partie, spécificités, segments répétés, co-occurrences, poly-cooccurrences, etc. (...) Le recours à ce type d’outils permet au linguiste d’élaborer des unités de base de son système analytique en suivant un protocole de recherche précis, qui tient compte des indices quantitatifs. Finalement, des distinctions lexico-grammaticales fines entre des lexèmes dont le sémantisme serait trop proche pour une comparaison hors contexte, sont visualisées de façon synthétique au fil du texte, tout en permettant de différentier certaines constructions spécifiques du français « eurolectal » et les éléments du discours technocratique « national ». (shrink)

Refugees and asylum seekers may experience challenges related to pre-arrival experiences, structural disadvantage after migration and during resettlement requiring the need for special protection when participating in research. The aim was to review if and how people with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds have had their need for special protection addressed in national and international research ethics guidelines. A systematic search of grey literature was undertaken. The search yielded 2187 documents of which fourteen met the inclusion criteria. Few guidelines addressed (...) specific ethical considerations for vulnerable groups much less people with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds. One guideline explicitly addressed vulnerability for refugees and asylums seekers. To ensure members of ethics committees and researchers consider the potential challenges of conducting research with these groups, guidelines may need to be supplemented with a refugee and asylum seeker specific research ethics framework. Such a framework may be necessary to optimally protect people with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds in research. (shrink)

Creativity is an imperative need of the twenty-first century, and it seems to be a skill that will monopolize interest for many years. It is, in substance, a newly established scientific field and despite attempts to encroach on the science of psychology, its origin and functions have not been probed yet. Still, it continues to be researched, with ever-increasing vigor, almost in every area of science and action, with the main scope of potential exploitation being education. The philosophical foundation of (...) creativity has not reached the depths that one would expect, and most scientists-thinkers (and... (shrink)

Early life -- The decline of Athens -- The making of a philosopher -- A self-proclaimed gadfly -- Socrates on trial -- Socrates' execution and legacy.

This paper describes how to ethically conduct research with Black populations at the intersection of COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement. We highlight the issues of historical mistrust in the USA and how this may impact Black populations’ participation in COVID-19 vaccination trials. We provide recommendations for researchers to ethically engage Black populations in research considering the current context. Our recommendations include understanding the impact of ongoing trauma, acknowledging historical context, ensuring diverse research teams and engaging in open and (...) honest conversations with Black populations to better address their needs. The core of our recommendation is recognising the impact of trauma in our research and health care practices. (shrink)

Aversive autobiographical memories sometimes prompt maladaptive emotional responses and contribute to affective dysfunction in anxiety and depression. One way to regulate the impact of such memories is to create a downward counterfactual thought–a mental simulation of how the event could have been worse–to put what occurred in a more positive light. Despite its intuitive appeal, counterfactual thinking has not been systematically studied for its regulatory efficacy. In the current study, we compared the regulatory impact of downward counterfactual thinking, temporal distancing, (...) and memory rehearsal in 54 adult participants representing a spectrum of trait anxiety. Participants recalled regretful experiences and rated them on valence, arousal, regret, and episodic detail. Two to six days later, they created a downward counterfactual of the remembered event, thought of how they might feel about it 10 years from now, or simply rehearsed it. A day later, participants re-rated the phenomenological characteristics of the events. Across all participants, downward counterfactual thinking, temporal distancing, and memory rehearsal were equally effective at reducing negative affect associated with a memory. However, in individuals with higher trait anxiety, downward counterfactual thinking was more effective than rehearsal for reducing regret, and it was as effective as distancing in reducing arousal. We discuss these results in light of the functional theory of counterfactual thinking and suggest that they motivate further investigation into downward counterfactual thinking as a means to intentionally regulate emotional memories in affective disorders. (shrink)

In Canada, much media attention has recently been focused on the formation of arbitration tribunals that would use Islamic law or Sharia to settle civil matters in Ontario. In fact, the idea of private parties voluntarily agreeing to arbitration using religious principles or a foreign legal system is not new. Ontario's Arbitration Act has allowed parties to resolve disputes outside the traditional court system for some time. This issue has been complicated by the fact that Canada has a commitment to (...) upholding both a policy of multiculturalism and an international obligation towards women's rights. Although these values need not necessarily conflict, in this context, they have carried a tension that must be reconciled. This paper will examine the legal implications of faith-based arbitration tribunals in family law, with a particular emphasis on the impact that Sharia could have on Muslim women in Ontario. (shrink)

Providing a novel multi-disciplinary theorization of memory politics, this insightful Handbook brings varied literatures into a focused dialogue on the ways in which the past is remembered and how these influence transnational, interstate, and global politics in the present. With case studies from Africa, East and Southeast Asia, Europe, South America, and the United States, the Handbook focuses on the political features of historical memory in international relations. Chapters examine key concepts of memory politics, including accountability, commemoration and memorialization, the (...) Europeanization of memory, and the politics of trauma and victimhood, as well as analyzing different sites of memory, from the human body and memorial sites to media, film, and television. It also answers essential questions such as who and what determines the relevance of the past in the present; how does memory become a political question; and what are the political effects and ethical implications of its mobilization? Exploring the links between the politics of memory, international ethics, law, and diplomacy, this stimulating Handbook will be essential reading for students and scholars of politics and international relations, cultural studies, history, and transitional justice. Its discussion of notable agents and practices of memory politics will also be beneficial for practitioners working in human rights, politics, and public policy. (shrink)

In this paper I will consider whether there is something intelligible in finding value in having or aspiring to a certain kind of relationship which includes sex as a central feature. I argue that a scientific explanation can tell us only about the mechanics of sex, not what it feels like or means to us. Thus, we need to consider the meaning and significance of sex in relation to what we typically value about romantic love. I argue that sex is (...) partly constitutive of the central goods of romantic relationships, and can be an important vehicle for romantic love in two ways. It can express romantic love and it can ‘make love’, creating and intensifying it. This is because four of the central goods that we want from romantic love: 1) pleasure, (2) intimacy, (3) vulnerability and care and (4) union, can all be found in sex. Because of this, we seek romantic partners to whom we are sexually attracted and we are sexually attracted to people, in part, because they would make a good romantic partner to us. Nonetheless, this does not imply that a romantic relationship becomes less valuable the less sex it includes. (shrink)

This study aims to investigate the spillover impact of work-family/family–work conflict and stress on five major industrial sectors, during the first wave of Covid-19. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is twofold; firstly, to test a hypothesized model where work-family/family-work conflicts are related to stress and where stress could exert a mediating role in such relationships. Secondly, we seek to explore the presence of these conflicts and stress in each of the five major industrial sectors and evaluate if there are (...) significant differences between them, identifying the sociodemographic characteristics associated. Two questionnaires were applied to 748 employees from the selected industries. According to our results, stress predicts both types of conflict and also exerts a mediator role. It was primarily found that the five sectors are significantly different regarding the work-family/family-work conflicts and stress. Findings and implications are discussed. (shrink)

The definition of consumerism is multifaceted, extending from the consumption of goods and services to its more negative connotations: the obsessive consumption of goods, exploitation of the people who create them and greed. In a society heavily influenced by consumerism, we find ourselves manipulated by social media and targeted advertising to buy goods or to cultivate a certain lifestyle, raising important ethical questions about responsibility and our autonomy to make decisions. How has the nature of how we create and consume (...) goods evolved and how is this linked to moral responsibility and autonomy? Can it also be argued that there is aesthetic appreciation to be gained from some of the items that we create and consume? (shrink)

Counterfactual thinking, or simulating alternative versions of occurred events, is a common psychological strategy people use to process events in their lives. However, CFT is also a core com...

For many families, the idea of going out for walks and family adventures can be a dream that is erased by the determination of autistic spectrum in a child. Gaps in the health and quality of life of young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are well documented. One particularly noticeable gap that affects both physical health and quality of life is in the area of outdoor recreation, particularly including outdoor recreation activities such as biking, hiking, running, canoeing/kayaking, horseback riding, (...) and skiing. Of the many outdoor activities to promote physical fitness, hiking is perhaps the most versatile and accessible for people with ASD. Hiking is a natural extension of walking. It is one of the first skills we acquire, one of the most important activities in everyday life and one of the few forms of recreation that does not require specific equipment and conditions. On the other hand, except for perhaps the most densely populated urban areas, there are almost always trails nearby. Lately even urban hikes that move around the city are becoming more and more popular. Whether you’re climbing the mountains at an expert level or hiking a trail, hiking gets your kids moving, which is of utmost importance in our modern society, when childhood seems to be filled more and more with time spent in front of the screens, and for children with autism this can become a serious problem. The main goal of this paper, on the one hand, is to increase awareness of the importance of hiking for psychophysical health, both for people from the general population and for people with ASD, but also to give recommendations for the approach and the way of organizing hiking activities for people with ASD, on the other hand. (shrink)